Arthasutra Ep01 – Machhali Ep01 – Bachat
Opening & Introduction
Namaskar! Arthasutra ki pehli kahani ke pehle episode mein aapka swaagat hai.
Humari pehli kahani hai Machhali: Arthavyavastha Kaise Badhti Hai Aur Kyon Nahi jo Irvin A. Shiff ki pustak FISH: How an Economy Grows and Why It Doesn’t ke oopar basi hai.
Yeh ek badi hi majedaar comic book hai jo mein humare saare listeners ko recommend karoonga aur show notes mein aap ke liye is pustak ki link bhi chodi hai.
Isme Mr. Schiff badi saralta se artha shastron ke buniyadi siddhanton ko samjhate hai aur iske chitra bhi bade sundar hai. Mr. Schiff ne kai books likhi hai apni zindagi mein aur apne siddhanton ke bade pakke the.. bade hi dilchasp aadmi the. Agar aap unke baare mein aur padhna chahte hai toh show notes mein unke baare mein bhi ek link chodi hai.
Aakhri tak zaroor suniyega har episode ke baad aapke liye ek tohfa jeetne ka mauka hai.
Chaliye ab bina koi deeri ke shuruat karte humari kahani Machhali.
Machhali: Arthavyavastha kaise badhati hai aur kyon nahin
Ek baar ek chotese dveep par teen aadami ek saral duniya mein rahate the, Hari, Amar aur Prem. Har din uthte the aur din bhar machhali pakadte the.
“Ugh! machhali pakadana koi asaan kaam nahin.” hairan Amar bola machhali pakadte pakadte. “Yeh ek kaanta ke saath soop khaane se jyaada kathin hai.” Prem ne kaha.
Bahut pareshaani ke baad veh prati din ek machhali pakadane mein kaamayaab zaroor hote rahe.
Ek aur din .. ek aur machhali. Bas itna hi.
Aur islie is saral dveep samaaj mein .. na koi bachat, naahi nivesh aur koi credit bhi nahin tha.. jo kuchh utpaadit hota tha uska upyog usi din hojata tha.
Ek raat chumakte taaron ko dekh Hari ko vichaar aaya .. “Khaane aur machhali pakadane ke alava jeevan mein kuch aur bhi toh hona chahiye. Asi kasi zindagi.”
Uska dimag daudna shuroo hua.. raat bhar soch mein dooba raha.. uss raat use bada bura sapna aaya, woh ek makdi ke jaal mein phasa tha aur makdi use khane aarahi thi – tabhi woh uth gaya.. phir so nahi paaya.. sochte sochte use ek idea aaya.. aur aise hi machhali pakadane ke saadhan ka vichaar paida hua.
Agale din Hari sochta hai.. “main ise jaal kahoonga! Mujhe jaal ke liye saaman ikattha karna hai!” aur jungle ki aur nikal padta hai.
Tabhi Amar ne pooncha, “Kya Hari! Tum aaj machhali nahi pakadoge!” “Na” Hari ne muskurate bola. “Bhookhe rehjaoge Hari!” chintit Prem ne kaha. Par Hari jungle ki or nikal pada.
Hari apane jeevan ke tareeke ko behatar banaane ke lie kuchh bahut hi buniyaadi aarthik siddhaanton ko jee raha hai. Vaha apna sevan kam kar raha hai aur jokhim bhi utha raha hai! Woh khana tyag raha hai aur uski yeh idea kaam nahin bhi kar sakati hai!
Din ke ant mein Hari ne apana jaal toh poora kar liya, usne apane aatm-balidaan se poonji yani Capital ka nirmaan kiya hai.
Raat bhar Amar aur Prem bhar pet kharrate mar so jaate hai aur yahan Hari bhukh ke maare raat bhar lot-palot ta rehta hai iss chinta mein ki uski yeh jokhim bhari tarkib kaam karegi ya nahi.
Agale din Amar aur Prem ne Hari ke aavishkaar ka bahaut mazak udaya .. “Hari tu ise topi ki tarah pahan sakata hain ..ha-ha-ha” Amar hasne laga .. “Ise gale mein tie ki tarah bhi bandh sakta hai Hari! ho-ho!” haste haste Prem ne dariya mein dubki lagai.
Bhale hi bhukha aur chintit kyon na ho, Hari bade aatmavishvaas se kahata hai, “Has lo, has lo, main toh machhali pakadane chala.”
Amar aur Prem ki hansi jald hi ascharya mein badal gayi jab Hari ne kuch hi minto mein ek machli pakad li..
“Wah! Mera jaal vaisa hi kaam karata hai jaisa maine socha tha!” Hari khushi se uchal padta hai.
Din ke ant tak Hari ne do machhaliyaan pakadli .. aur wahan Amar aur Prem ne humesha ki tarah ek hi.
Ab Hari din ki do-do machhaliyan kha pata tha, jabki Amar aur Prem ek hi.
Ek din pet bhar khane ke baad Hari ko vichaar aaya, “Yeh extra machhali ka upabhog karane ki mujhe zaroorat toh nahi hai .. main ise bacha sakta hoon!”
Isi tarah Hari ne bachat utpan ki, aur bachat poonjee banaati hai.
Choonki dveep samaaj ke paas bachat ka koi bhandaar nahin tha, isalie dveep ki sabse pahali poonjee Hari ke ek din bhukhe rehne ki ichchha se praapt hui.
Yahan Amar aur Prem apni roz ki ek machhali pakadne ki mehnat kar rahe the.. “Main bhee thak kar mar gaya hoon!” nirash Amar ne Prem se kaha.
Aur wahan Hari peth bhar khaa ke soch raha tha, “Ab mujhe sara din machhali pakadane mein kharch karane kee zaroorat nahin! Ab mein apne khali samay mein ghar bana sakta hoon, aaram kar sakta hoon, saadhan bana sakta hoon aur apna jeevan behtar bana sakta hoon.”
Hari ko yeh toh samajh aa gaya ki bachat yani poonjee ke bina humari zindagi ke tareeke mein vikas nahin ho sakta.
Amar aur Prem bhi samajh gaye ki ve bhi Hari ke jaal, yani poonji se laabh utha sakate hain!
Amar aur Prem, Hari ke paas gaye aur bole, “Are Hari, dost .. humen apana jaal udhaar do na?”
Lekin Hari koi uloo thodi hai. Usse apana tyag yaad hai, apni mushkile yaad aayi .. woh din bhar bhookha rehna ..” “jokhim ki wajah se woh raat bhar na so paana .. Hari ne turant bola, “Koi nahi, tum apna jaal khud banalo!”
“Lekin hum bhookhe nahi reh sakte.. Har koi tyag aur jokhim lene ke liya nahi bana.” dukhad Prem ne Hari se kaha. “Aur tum toh jante ho karagiri ke mamle mein hum anadi hai. Jaal banate banate hum bhookhe na mar jaye.” Amar bola.
Tab Prem ko ek vichar aaya, “Ek kaam karte .. hume apna jaal banane ke liye tu hume apni extra machhali udhaar de de?”
“Haan, yeh sahi hai! Aur hum tujhe apne jaal se machhali pakad ke vapas de denge.” Amar ne prastaav rakha.
Sochne par Hari bola, “Hmm.. par agar tum dono jaal nahi bana paye toh meri poonji toh khali ho jayegi! Mein toh kangaal jo jaunga. Iss deal mein to sirf mera hi loss hai.”
“Yeh baat toh sahi hai.” sahumat Amar bola.
Nirash Amar aur Prem apni machhali pakadne chale gaye aur Prem ne Amar se kaha, “Yaar, Hari ke paas yeh udhaar dene ke liye koi protsahan nahi hai..”
Machhali pakadte pakadte dono ne apne think-box ko khub ghumaya aur ek aarthik vichaar paida hua .. “BYAAJ!”
Dono daud Hari ke paas pahuche aur bade utsaah se bole, “Are Hari.. ye sun! Tu hume jaal banane ke liye machhali udhaar de, aur har machhali ke liye hum tumjhe DO machhali lautayenge!”
Yeh sunke Hari sochne laga.. “Agar main unhen 4 machhaliyaan udhaar doonga, to mujhe 8 machhaliyaan milengee! Main koi extra kaam kie bina chaar machhaliyaan ameer ho jaoonga!” aur bola “Iss mein mujhe dilchaspee hai!”
Dohra Laabh
Aap soch rahe honge iss deal mein sirf Hari, jo ki Capitalist vichaar rakhta hai, usika fayda hoga, lekin, aage suniye..
Prem: “Yeh saude mein waise toh humen koi kharcha nahin hai Amar!”
“Haan, hum Hari ki poonji ka upayog bina koi atma-balidaan ke kar sakate hain .. jaise bhookhe rahana! Jaal banate waqt hum un udhaar 4 machhaliyon ka upyog kar sakte hai..” Amar bhi santusht tha.
“Aur jaal bante hi humara utpadan dugna hojayega aur jaldhi 4 machhali ka udhaar aur 4 machhali ka byaaj chuka payenge. Haan Amar, vaastav mein humen kuchh bhi kharch nahin karna padega!” Prem bhi khushi khushi kehta hai.
“Are Prem, humari zindagi bahut behetar ho jaegi.. aur, jald hi hum bhi bachat kar payenge, poonji jama kar payenge.. aur udhaar bhi de paayenge!” Amar aasha bhari aankho se Prem ko gale lagata hai.
Ab sunte hai Hari ke Bachat ke Vikalp
- Hari apni poonji keval bacha ke rakh sakta hai apne bhavishya ke liye.. koi emergency, ya kisi zaroorat ke liye. Hari ko pata tha ki ek baar dhooen mein sukhane ke baad machhali kharab nahi hoti. Lekin, aisa karne se Hari ki poonji kabhi badhegi nahi, waisi ki waisi rahegi.
- Hari apni saari poonji ka mazaa le sakta hai, kharch kar sakta hai. Par, agar woh apni saari machhali khaa leta hai toh kabhi agar bhavishya mein woh kisi karan machhali na pakad paaya toh kaafi taklif jhelni padegi use aur uska bhavishya surakshit nahi hoga.
- Hari apani 4 machhaliyan Amar aur Prem ko udhaar de sakata hai, aur agar ve jaal banaane mein saphal hue toh usse 8 machhaliyaan milengi. Lekin iss mein risk bhi hai, ve agar asaphal hue toh Hari apni machhaliyan kho sakta hai.
- Lekin, Hari ko ek aur idea sujha, suniye: Hari sochta hai.. “Amar aur Prem ko jaal” (poonjigat vastu, yani capital good) “banane ke liye machhali udhaar dene ke bajaay mein khud hi kyun na uska istemaal karu? Mein do dinon ke lie har din ek machhali ka istemal kar ke do aur jaal banaloonga.. phir bhi mere paas 2 machhaliyaan bachegi aur main teen jaalon ka maalik ho jaaunga. Phir, mein woh jaal Amar aur Premko bhaade pe de sakta hoon.. aadhi machhali ek din ke liye thik kiraya hoga, kyonki jaal ke saath Amar aur Prem do do machhaliyaan pakadane mein zaroor kaabil hojyenge.”Amar soch sakta hai, “Choonki bina jaal ke mein 1 machhali pakad sakta hoon aur aadhi machhali ka kiraaya agar ghatau toh bhi main aadhi machhali bacha paaunga!”Aur Prem, “Roz roz haanth se ek machhali pakad ne se toh yeh sau guna achha hai ki mein aadhi machhali ka kiraya de doon.”Phir Hari ne hisab lagaya, “.. Agar mujhe roz ki 1 machhali kiraye ki fees mein aati rahe toh mahine ki 30 machhali hogi. Ab bina koi kaam kiye mujhe 30 machhali milegi. Is tarah toh mein retire ho sakta hoon. Yeh toh Amar aur Prem ko apne jaal banane ke liye 4 machhalian udhaar dene se behtar hai.. Hmm.. Lekin, yeh bhi ho sakta hai ki Amar aur Prem sirf 2 din ke liye jaal kiraye pe le aur apni poonji se apna jaal khud banale, iss tarah mujhe sirf 2 hi machhali ka fayda hoga.””Hmm…””Kya karu? Kya karu? .. 4 machhaliyan udhaar deke 8 machhaliyan kamau ya khud jaal bana ke kiraye pe du, jisse sirf 2 machhaliyan kamau lekin yeh bhi ho sakta hai ki retirement ke liye niyamit kamai surakshit ho jaaye?”
Yeh the Hari ki bachat ke 4 vikalp. Waise, Hari koi bhi nirnay le isse koi fark nahi padta kyonki agar Amar aur Prem jaal banane mein saphal hue toh Hari ne apani aur samaaj, dono ki poonji badha di hogi!
Ab Iski Samikha lete hain
Hari (aur samaaj) ke paas keval 5 hi tarike hain aatm-balidaan dvaara praapt bachat ko istemal karne ke:
- Jo bacha hai, use bacha ke rakhe.
- Jo bacha hai, use kharch kar de.
- Jo bacha hai, use udhaar de ke byaaj kamae.
- Jo bacha hai, use nivesh kar ke badhae.
- Pehle 4 vikalpon ka koi mel yani combination ki koshish kar sakate hai.
Hari jo bhi karta hai vah jokhim aur laabh ka anuman le ke aur usaki vyaktigat aarthik zarooraton yani personal economic requirements par aadhaarit hoga.
Ab sochiye agar doosre Hari ko bole ki usne apni poonji kaise istemal karni chahiye toh kya hoga? Yeh suniye..
Agar Amar bole, “Kyun Hari, kam-byaaj pe udhaar de do!” Ya Prem bole, “Daan mein hi de do” Ya koi dara dhumka ke, danda dikha ke kahen ki, “Iske baare mein kya khayal hai Hari, hum toh tumse chin lenge!” Yeh toh galat hoga, kyun? Hari toh dar ke maare bolega, “Aise kaise, meri bachat agar barbaad ho jaati hai toh sirf mera hi nuksaan hai. Toh meri bachat ka istemaal kaise karna hai, iska ka haq bhi sirf mera hi hai!”
Hari ki Soch toh Sahi hai, Ise kehte hai: Naitik Adhikaar, yani Moral Right. Toh keval Hari ko hi apani sampatti ka istemaal kaise karna hai, iska nirnay lene ka poora naitik aur nyaaypurna adhikaar hai!
Hari jo bhi chune vah samaj ko har din 3 adhik machhali utpann karane mein sakshum banaata hai, agar ve, Amar, Prem aur Hari sabhi kadi mehanat barkarar rakhe toh.
Laalach
Waise app poochenge laalach ke baare mein kya? Prashn toh sahi hai, iske baare mein sunte hai..
Kya yah bura nahin hoga yadi Hari bahaut laalachi nikle aur adhik se adhik machhali praapt karana chaahe?
Savaal toh jayaz hai, par yeh kiske lie bura hoga?
Hari ka dhan yani machhali tahbi badh sakati hai jab woh apana dhan samaj ke sadasyon ke lie upalabdh karaata hai, varna usaka dhan utna hi rahega. Agar woh apni machhaliyan Amar aur Prem ko udhaar nahi deta toh use 8 machhaliyan nahi milegi.
Balki ek samay aayega jab uska dhan kam zaroor hoga, jab Hari smay ke saath uska upyog karega.
“Niji poonjeevaad yani private capitalism ki sabse nek baat yeh hai ki yeh laalachi logon ko majaboor karta hai doosaron ke jeevan ka star badhaane ke lie.”
Chaliye, ab sunte hai ki Hari ne kiya kya..
Hari ne Amar aur Prem ko 4 machhaliyan de hi di.
Amar aur Prem bade khush the, ki jaal banate waqt unhe bhukha nahi rehna padega.
Do din baad, Amar aur Prem ne jaal toh bana bhi liya aur ab din ki do machhali bhi pakad lete hai.
Dekhte dekhte, kuch hi dino mein unhone Hari ka karza bhi chukadiya.
Iss tarah Hari ke udhaar dene se, Hari ne hi nahi, balki Amar aur Prem ne bhi munaapha kamaaya. Hari 4 machhaliyon se amir hua aur Amar aur Prem ke paas apne apne jaal (yani capital goods) bhi tayaar hogaye. Ab, ve dono ke paas bhi din mein doosri cheezon ke liye samay milne laga.
Closing
Kahani waise lambi hai toh aaj ka yeh episode hum iss khushi ke pal pe samapt karte hai. Aaj humne dekha kaise Hari ke tyag karne ki ichha se samaaj mein poonji ka nirman hua aur kaise Hari ki iss poonji doosron ko uplabdh karane se Hari ka hi nahi balki samaaj ki poonji mein bhi badhat hui.
Agle episode mein hum dekhenge Hari, Amar aur Prem aapdaon se kaise jujhate hai.
Arre-haan, jaane se pehle apna vaada nibha nahi bhoolonga, episode ki shuruat mein meine kaha tha tohfa jeetne ka mauka doonga. Bas, ek saral se savaal ka jawab dena hai.. suniye..
Q: “Bachat karna kyun zaroori hai aur bachat na karne se samaaj ka kya nuksaan hota hai?”
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Agle episode tak mein aap se ijazat leta hoon..